Simplify your life by removing all those cancer causing cleaners and replacing them with baking soda and vinegar. Basically, I use vinegar and baking soda for everything now, and it's great. It's not quite as quick and easy as the chemical bottled cleaners, but my house is healthier without all the toxic cleaners - it's a healthy clean. I have read that vinegar kills 99% of germs, so it's a great disinfectant, and baking soda actually neutralizes and restores PH balance which helps it in deodorizing and cleaning applications. However, coming directly from my personal uses and experience...
Using vinegar and baking soda for cleaning:
Baking soda provides the friction for cleaning. You can use it for cleaning stovetops, bathtub rings, and toilets. You deposit a small amount of the powder directly onto the surface you are cleaning and use a damp cloth to scrub it around. It does leave a powdery residue - unless you then spray some vinegar onto it. It will then foam up as the two react together, which is pretty cool. (Or you can just wash it away with your cloth). For this reason I don't use baking soda on mirrors - just use some soap and water, or vinegar and water. Baking soda works wonders for ceramic stovetops (the stoves with one seamless glass surface).
I always use vinegar to clean spills on the carpet - it's very safe to use. If that's not enough, I use baking soda, then add the vinegar.
I actually clean my toilet now by dumping some baking soda into the bowl and a bit all over everywhere else. After using the brush to clean the bowl and a rag to clean the seat and other parts I spray and pour vinegar all over. It froths up as it reacts with the baking soda. Spilled baking soda and vinegar help to clean the surrounding floor. Around the bathtub, you might need some sugar soap as well
- or some dish soap - but the baking soda will help remove bathtub
rings.
Laundry:
Pour a cup of vinegar into the wash to kill germs, and neutralize urine
when kids have wet the bed (or when washing cloth nappies/diapers).
Vinegar is an acid, and urine is ammonia. Baking soda is good for the
odours too.
Personal uses:
If you have insect bites or eczema, baking soda in the bath takes away the itchiness. I use a spray of vinegar and water (half and half) for disinfecting in the kitchen. (I bought a good garden spray bottle which is works very well).
You can brush your teeth with baking soda to remove plaque and also whiten them.
Zero waste: I refill large baking soda and vinegar containers at a whole foods store (Binn Inn, in NZ) so that I also eliminate all the million cleaning bottles that would have been necessitated from buying cleaning products.
Of course another really safe great tool for sterilizing and cleaning is a kettle of boiled hot water.
For cleaning recipes and ideas, check out Bea Johnson's zero waste recipes . She has a zero waste home in California, and makes all her own cleaning products. She lives in California, but is from France originally - she has that flair.
The alpaca wool that I used was 8-ply. I bought it from Silverhill Alpacas. Alpaca wool isn't scratchy, like sheep wool, so it's a great choice for babies. One 50gm ball of royal blue, one of red.
Sustainable living struggles: It is best to find and support a local supplier if possible. The alpaca blue and red I used here was sold by a local alpaca farm, but they imported their bright colours as they are breeding for the natural colours (not usually white). But they do sell white undyed fleece - maybe I could talk to her about it and learn how to dye my wool brightly in future...and get it spun by locals? Or just buy from someone else who does dye it locally.
To make the mittens
Cast on 24 stitches onto 3 double-pointed needles, 8 on each needle, of the blue wool. These needles are 4 mm. Knit 2K 2P, and repeat for 7 rows, which will create two stitch wide rib.
Because the number stitches is even, each needle will always start out with 2K and end with 2P. Because you are knitting in the round, there will be no need to invert the pattern after each round, it will happen automatically.
Change to the second colour, and K one round, stopping before the last stitch. Create an extra stitch from this one (I use the KFB method). Repeat for 5 more rows. Switch colours every 2 rows (the stripes are two rows in length), taking care that the colour string you are leaving is up over the work.
Above photo: see how the blue string I have just finished with is over the work, not below soI won't create a hole.
Now take a large needle such as a tapestry needle and push it through the 6 extra stitches you have made, pulling a piece of wool through them to place them on hold.
Knit on as usual, excluding the 6 stitches on the outside of the circle. (Later the thumb will be knitted onto these stitches.) 4 rows later, decrease by K2together on the last stitch of the row, then shift the stitches on the 3 needles to allow for all the decreasing you will be doing at the left and right sides of mittens only as it makes a better shape. So every round, K2together at the sides of the mittens. Repeat until you have 4-6 stitches left. Take a large needle and pull your remaining wool through (cut it), then bind it off with a few knots, camoflauging the wool ending somewhere, gliding it inside the wool.
Etcetera!
More on the decreasing: I shifted more stitches onto the needles where I knew I was decreasing. For example, I wanted the mitten back to be a little wider than the front so it curved around a bit, so I shifted stitches so there was a total of 14 on two needles for the back (9 stitches on one and 5 on the other), and 10 on the other needle. I always decreased at the beginning of the needle with 10 stitches on it, and at the start of the next needle with 9 on it, so that the decreasing was only at the sides of the mittens.
To knit the thumbs
Take up those stitches, onto 3 needles, and knit away for several rows, then start decreasing - I just ended them by eye as long as I thought a thumb should be. If you don't like feeling your way around, 7-8 rows in total? I had the cool idea of not trying to end the thumb rounded, but in a point. A pointy thumb wouldn't bother the baby, and like a pointy hat, would be cute.
Finishing them: A very important last step is to weave one string of the wool using a tapestry needle in and out around the wrists of the mittens to act as a drawstring (see photo above). Babies are active things; they will otherwise throw them off and lose them. (I was originally going to fasten a string between them, as you do with older childrens' mittens so they don't get lost - but with babies that could be a hazard.)
To knit the hat
The baby hat (or toque, as they say in Canada) was just knitted in the round, and ended with a point. I just looked up the common diameter of a baby's head - like this:
0 to 3 months - 29.2 to 33 cm 3 to 6 months - 35.6 to 40.6 cm 6 to 12 months - 40.6 - 45.7 cm
And of course, I finished it off in a point! (Because elves are cool.)
Everything is hard the first few times you do it. Then it becomes easy.
It was the same with getting used to using my breadmaker instead of just buying bread. Although it took only five minutes a day to throw the ingredients in the breadmaker, at first there was a real investment of energy as I got the right measuring cups and ingredients ready, and actually read enough of the manual to figure out how to operate the breadmaker. But that investment has paid off, since now I can't believe it took discipline to use a breadmaker at first (instead of buying bread).
After I got used to the routine of using a breadmaker, and in fact used it so often (and sometimes forgetting things like THE WATER), it broke after about a year. But I also at that time visited my family in North America, and my Dad showed me how to make no-knead bread - as they now make all their bread this way. Once more, it took awhile toget set up with all the things I needed, and to truly understand the process. Now making no-knead bread is easy. (And using the breadmaker - I've since gotten it fixed - is just like falling off a log...)
Don't get me wrong - regular bread is easy too - kneading is quite therapeutic. And I love whipping up pizza dough with my hands, when I am in the mood for it. But if you have to work too, as we usually too nowadays, and you still want to make bread at home, it's good to have an easy method so that you actually can realistically accomplish it.
Adapted originally from Jim Lahey's method, and Peter Reinhart - the process further refined by my parents who then showed me - some minor modifications in baking timing by me after reading The Mini Farming Guide to Fermenting by Brett Markham.
At first I thought they were making this kind of bread because it was easy
- but it also tastes better, due to the slow brewing of yeast in the
fridge. In his retirement, my dad was searching for how to make bread as good as the crusty bread he had had in France. One important factor is the high protein flour they use - so check that your flour is of high protein.
The dough is very spongy, full of air, and you try to touch it
as little as possible when you shape it and bake it. (It's also
sticky). The final bread has lots of holes in it. Disadvantage: your
jam might leak through. Advantage: tastes great, uses less of the expensive ingredients such as tonnes of yeast with bread improver (when I use my breadmaker), or sugar. Also, no machine or hard labour is necessary.
This method is also featured in The Mini Farming Guide to Fermenting by Brett L. Markham.
He is a chemistry person, but also a self sufficiency person - in his book he includes photos, and offers a much needed explanation as to why this method of making bread works.
From the chapter called, "Artisan Breads on the Stone":
"Artisan
breads hove traditionally been time-consuming to make, but the
combination of two innovations allows you to make no-knead bread in as
little as five minutes a day. The first innovation was introduced in
1994 by Jim Lahey of the Sullivan Street Bakery in New York City. This
was the incorporation of a substantially larger proportion of water into
the dough and allowing longer sitting times. This allows the gluten chains to link without kneading. "The second innovation
was introduced in 2007 by Jeff Hertzberg and Zoe Francois, and consists
of the simple fact that dough made in this fashion can be refrigerated.
When the two innovations are combined, you can make delicious artisan
bread in mere minutes.... The core idea of the
method is that if you make a very wet dough and set the dough aside in
the refrigerator, the gluten chains will interlink on their own over
time, thus obviating the need for kneading the bread to obtain a good
consistency.
"The dough can be kept in a
covered container in the refrigerator for up to two weeks, and all you
have to do is take it out, cut off a portion of it, let that portion
rise, and then pop it in the oven. Over time, as you save portions of
the dough from previous batches for your new batches in the same bowl,
your bread will develop its own sourdough character without need for
maintaining separate sourdough cultures."
Also, says Markham, and this is really fascinating:
"Artisan bread has only four basic ingredients: flour, water, salt,and yeast. That's
all. Nothing more is needed. Bread made in bread machines needs to rise rapidly, so sugar is included so the yeast will have immediate access to food. Because the dough for artisan breads is allowed to sit, during which time a certain amount of autolysis occurs, some of the starch in the flour is naturally converted to sugar. "Salt is used in bread for two purposes. The first is to limit the activity of the yeast so you don't wind up with huge air gaps in your bread. The second is to strengthen the gluten. The yeast used for bread is the same species as that used for wine and beer, but the specific variety has been selected for baking purposes. The yeast eats sugars and makes alcohol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide makes the bubbles in the bread, and the alcohol
evaporates during baking. "A potential fifth ingredient can also be
included, and that is lactobacillus lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus can live symbiotically with bread yeast. When it does, it turns the alcohol byproduct of yeast into lactic acid, which gives sourdough bread its flavor. The lactic acid helps to preserve the bread and gives it a shelf life that is nearly as long as that of commercial breads containing preservatives. Up until the 1800s, practically all leavened bread was sourdough because yeast and lactobacillus as separate organisms were unknown.Once the difference was discovered, yeast was cultured by itself for the purposes of leavening. So, interestingly,by separating the symbiotic yeast/lactobacillus culture for convenience, preservatives in bread became necessary."
CRUSTY WHITE NO-KNEAD BREAD (ARTISAN BREAD) The Five Minute Method
Makes two loaves.
600g lukewarm water (3 cups) 2g granulated yeast (1/2 tsp) 16g salt (2.5 tsp) 800g white unbleached flour (6 cups)
You will either need a digital scale or measuring cups, two plastic containers for storing the dough in your fridge, and butter or other stiff grease for greasing the containers. It is important that your flour is of a high protein level. I did find a local supplier (mybreadmix.co.nz)of very good flour, it is 13.5g of protein. Look for high protein flour, or your bread will not be good.
Making the dough
Short video just showing the texture of no-knead artisan bread
To lukewarm water, add granulated yeast and salt. Stir and add flour until all the flour is incorporated. Yes, you can use a bread mixer - or even your hands. But I wouldn't advise it! It's very sticky.
When measuring using measuring cups (as opposed to a digital scale), the amounts must be accurately measured. Use a table knife to shear off the excess flour at level.
Let the dough rest for 5 minutes, and then stir vigorously for 1 minute. The dough should be sticky, wet and shapeless. Divide into two pieces and place in greased container that is large enough to allow for the rising (about one third to one half full). Leave the containers at room temperature for a couple of hours, then place the containers into the fridge until you are ready to bake them, from 1-14 days (can use from three hours). Alternatively, you can leave the containers out in room temperature for at least 12 hours before baking.
I put the dough in my fridge in ice-cream containers, leave them to rise in room temperature for a few hours (not in hot sun either, slow rising is fine), then place them in the fridge for baking the next day (letting them rise in the containers for a few hours first). Then you don't have to bake them 12 hours from now - usually falling on 2am or some other inconvenient time!
Baking the bread
Using a heavy cast iron pot (dutch oven), or a pizza stone:
Step 1 -
Get your container of dough and let it warm up for a few hours at room temperature.
When you are ready to bake, flour a surface, dump the dough onto it. Shape it by pulling up the sides to the center top. This is called a "boule" (ball in French). Flip "de boule" onto a floured wooden board. Let rise for 20 minutes.
Preheat the oven to 230 degrees C / 500 (22 degrees F, (220 degrees on fanbake), with the heavy cast iron pan (no need to grease) or pizza stone inside.
If you are using a pizza stone - as I do - add a pan underneath to get heated. In a moment you'll add some water. This is because it's the vapour that will make the crust.. crusty. You don't need to do this if you are baking in a heavy pan with a lid on top - as the contained moisture will do the same thing.
Step 2 -After 20 minutes have passed or when your oven and pot are hot enough (about 40 minutes rising time in total - too long of rising time and the boule will be too flat and spread out), open the door and...
Take the lid off the pot, and slide the boule from your floured board - or fwap the boule from the towel - or set it, baking paper and all - right into the nongreased hot pan. Put the lid back on (using hotpads of course), and shut the door.
Pizza stone: Add 1 cup of water into the broiler pan underneath the stone. Bake for 30 minutes.
Cast iron pot: Set a timer and bake for 15
minutes. After15 minutes, take the lid off and bake longer, could be 5
minutes more, 10, or even 15 - depending on how dark you would like your
crust. I found 10 minutes was just right, but check every 5 minutes to
see (using a timer!).
When it's done to your satisfaction, flip out onto a wire rack (or upside down) to cool.
For instructions on making brown (whole wheat) artisan bread on this blog, click here. Also, click here to watch a video on making no-knead artisan bread.
Adapted originally from Peter Reinhart's book, Artisan Breads Everyday, and the process further refined by my parents who then showed me, Ann and Heber Jones.
With no-knead breadmaking, half the dough is water instead of the usual ratio of a third. Longer sitting times means the dough forms the gluten chains on their own. (For more on the fascinating chemistry of breads, and also wine, beer, etc, read this book: The Mini Farming Guide to Fermenting, by Brett L. Markham)
WHOLE WHEAT (BROWN) NO-KNEAD BREAD The Five Minute Method
Makes two loaves.My dad's modification: you can use either instant or non-instant yeast with this recipe. Ann and Heber say: "We found weighing the ingredients with a digital kitchen scale gave consistent results." I use the whole wheat no-knead bread as my opportunity to add multi-grains, and linseed, sesame, or sunflower seeds. Hey, if you're going to be eating brown bread, you might as well go all the way and make it as healthy as possible. The white no-knead (artisan) bread is more of a yummy bread to have with dinner, or as toast.
539g lukewarm water 14g salt 5g yeast (or 4g instant yeast) 43g oil 43g sugar or honey 680g whole wheat flour
You will also need a digital scale, two plastic containers for storing the dough in your fridge, and butter or other stiff grease for greasing the containers.
Note: It is important that your flour is of a high protein level. I did find a local supplier (mybreadmix.co.nz)of very good flour, it is 13.5g of protein, whatever that means. Look for high protein flour, or your bread will not be good.
First, I get all my materials together - two large bins of flour, both whole wheat and white, a mixing bowl and wooden spoon, the scale, salt, yeast, sugar or honey, oil, lukewarm water,and little containers for measuring the salt and yeast. (I always find this breadmaking process relaxing, since I first did this with my dad.)
He always mixed the dough in an ice-cream pail - see photo, on right. But any bowl will be fine. A light plastic bowl for measuring the flour is good, though.
Making the dough
Step 1 - Measure all the ingredients but the flour together in your mixing bowl (or container), and mix well.
Heber says:If you are using honey, measure the oil first - then the honey will come away more easily. If you are using sugar - measure the sugar first.
Step 2 - Measure the flour, and
add part of it, mixing with your spoon - "get it wet" first. Then add
the rest of the flour. You are done when the dry ingredients are no
longer visible, the flour is mixed in.
At this point, resist the urge to grab it with your hands! It's really sticky! You can use a dough mixer, if you find the stirring difficult.
Step 3 Wait 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, stir vigorously for 1 minute. Give it hell, stretch and pull it with the spoon.
After I got this little timer for no-knead breadmaking, it has done wonders for my life as I am a forgetful person I use it for everything - it even has a magnet so it can stick to the fridge.
Step 4 - Divide the dough into two even portions, and place into greased containers. Let rise for a couple of hours at room temperature, then place containers in the fridge for baking 1-4 days from now.
My parents always have a few containers in their fridge slowly
brewing - in a cycle of mixing up, storing in the fridge, baking, then
freezing the baked bread.Alternatively, you can leave the containers out in room temperature for 12-24 hours before baking.
Baking the dough 1- 4 days later (with the white recipe it's up to 2
weeks, but bugs know what real food is), when you are ready to bake your loaves remove the containers from the fridge and let the dough warm up
for a couple of hours. Then, shape the sticky dough into loaves, and
place in greased pans. Let rise for another couple of hours. Let it
rise only as high as the walls of the bread pan.
Preheat oven to 160 degrees C (350 degress F) and bake for 45 minutes.
My dad showing me the bubbly texture of brown, risen no-knead bread dough as he shapes it to place in a pan to bake it.
I use butter
- but it is best to use something "stiff" to grease your containers,
and especially breadpans. No-knead bread dough is very very sticky!
For instructions on making crusty white no-knead bread (artisan bread) on this blog, click here.
